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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;2manybooks, post: 4462941, member: 8267&quot;]I believe the blue ring beads (wound glass annular) are 19th century trade beads. Often called Dutch donuts, they were popular in the trade to Africa. They are sometimes called Dogon beads, because the Dogon (Mali) in particular liked them. Peter Francis (Director of the Center for Bead Research) believes they were made in Germany, rather than the Netherlands, and the common name may be a confusion between Dutch and Deutsch. He also says the bright, clear cobalt color appeared in the late 19th century, earlier blue rings being slightly darker and duller in color.</p><p>(Peter Francis: Beads of the World.)</p><p><br /></p><p>The big blue ones are also probably trade era, 17th-19th century, Dutch, or perhaps Venetian.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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