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Message:: [QUOTE="Brian Warshaw, post: 4444814, member: 16674"][USER=29]@Ownedbybear[/USER] [USER=56]@moreotherstuff[/USER]I wrote to PM&M this morning and have just received a response from Chris Marshall: Background: The mark group of ring- and donut-shaped marks found greater use between around 1895 and approx. 1918 to 1920 (depending on region). Such marks were export tax markers and country of origin markers in one, used on so-called "unbranded export goods". They represent one specific mark type and period; a few manufacturers later used similar mark additions to "add age" to their items. So you have two groups: (a) tax // country of origin and (b) retro // reproduction ... and those are easily mixed up. Your mark however is from the third category: Shown form is pretty rare, at the same time it's from a very distinctive period: 1938 (not 1939!) to 1945. During the time of German expansion during the Nazi period from 1938 onward (after the Allies granted Hitler the right to lead different former German regions "back into the Reich"), German trade officials were instructed to undermine international country of origin marking wherever possible, replacing the dictated "Germany" with the - per Adolf Hitler - 'politically correct' form of "Deutschland". Of course his little ego trip ended in 1945, so it was back to plain "Germany" ... So there we have the answer.  Thank you both for your help and contributions.[/QUOTE]