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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Any Jewelry, post: 269704, member: 2844&quot;]A little update.</p><p>I ran into a collector of 19th century European jewellery, and asked her about the mark. She knew it, and explained that 19th century Russia required all precious parts of a jewel to be marked, often in a combined mark. She said in this case the front was 40 zolotniky gold (she corrected me on that one, it is one zolotnik, multiple zolotniky) and the back was doublé. She agreed that doublé was mostly used by ethnic German goldsmiths, who preferred it to silver or brass backs.</p><p>Silly me, I hadn&#039;t noticed the distinct seam between the two parts. Here you can see the difference between the doublé back and the gold front:</p><p>[ATTACH=full]85080[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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