Help With Marks On Asian Carved Vase And Technique

Not sure if it is Japanese or Chinese. Don't think it is old because it is unusual( but I think existed) to have the marks on the neck but I may be wrong. Would be nice if someone can translate them. Also wonder if carvings are real calligraphy or made up just for decoration.
I guess the technique used is called sgraffito but any idea how exactly it was done?
The paste was covered with the cafe glaze on the exterior and the white on the interior, then carved and then fired?
Or it was fired to bisque, then covered with the brown and white glaze, carved and fired.
Or any other of the upper two but with a slip under the cafe glaze?
Some of the scratches are quite deep.

Thanks in advance!