chinese or japanese?

My grandfather was a merchant seaman who travelled to many places including China, Japan and Vietnam in the 1920s. These were brought home to the family but not sure if they are Chinese or Japanese. I suspect that the third picture are Japanese. Anybody have any information?

 

gotta show pics of the bottom Ger.....it's where the marks reside

 

There are no marks on them from what I remember. Will check again tomorrow

 

At a guess, I think the one on the upper left is European (maybe Dutch?). The other two look Japanese to me, but of no particular merit.

 

Two of them are Japanese, no question. I can't see the red transferware one well enough to make a guess.