What kind of brooch is this?

The picture in the center reminds me of some eastern European "Madonna and child" type artwork, Polish? Of course, I could be wrong.

Given that the picture doesn't line up with either the outside ring design elements or the way the pin would be worn on clothing, I'd guess that the picture is a replacement for something else. Looks like a locket on the back, and with at least one of the holding flanges bent, I think that's further evidence of replacement.

 

I took the picture out of there & then put it back in, probably why it does not line up right. I think the metal could be pinchbeck possibly.

 

Looks like Madonna and child in Russian headdresses called kokoshniki. The child is in a similar headdress.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokoshnik#/media/File:MakovskyK_Boyaryshnya5216.jpg

https://www.etsy.com/listing/78468604/russian-headdress-drawings-by-n

--- Susan

 

My very first impression is that the design is inspired by renaissance geocentric astronomical clocks.

This one (15th C) in Prague: