1 of 2 help needed on Germany and other pieces

Good Morning to all you lovelies. I have a couple of Germany sets (and one unknown) that I could use some advice on, if you would be so kind. First question...is there a way to tell what year or even decade a piece is made if it is marked West Germany since that era spans 50 years? On the first set, I was also wonder wondering what to call the glass centerpiece:



On this second set, which I think is lucite, the chain is marked Germany but seems too new to be original, especially because the earring settings appear to be brass. Clasp picture is blurry, sorry but it does say Germany.



And finally there are no markings on this set and it does have some condition issues which for the most part I believe I can address. Can you advise me as to where it might have originated or point me to area to research? Thanks, as always for any help.

 

Top one is Porphyr(y) glass

 

Thanks KSW!

 

And the porphyr is 60s. Confetti lucite, chain does look rather newer. I've got earrings like the final set.

 

Thank you Ownedbybear.

 

Looks like caramel swirl to me, yummy

 

They are beautiful pieces of glass.
Glass beads and cabs are so amazing in their variety and the ingenuity of the makers

 

All the information is much appreciated. Thanks to all.